The work aims to address the problem of plastic cumulative damage to the primer cup and the resulting puncture failure during aircraft gun firing, and investigate the elastic-plastic deformation characteristics of the primer cup under the coupled action of firing pin impact, firing pin spring force, and interior ballistic pressure. Based on interior ballistic theory, the chamber pressure-time curve was calculated using MATLAB. By integrating the motion of the firing pin striking the primer, a finite element model of the elastic-plastic deformation of the primer cup was established, with the pressure curve serving as the dynamic load boundary and the firing pin spring force as the initial condition. The model accuracy was verified through mesh independence analysis and experimental data. Subsequently, single-factor and orthogonal tests were designed to systematically analyze the effect of firing pin velocity, tip diameter, offset, and primer cup thickness on cup deformation. The maximum computational error of the finite element model was less than 8%. Under single-factor variable control, the indentation depth of the primer cup exhibited a nonlinear pattern of initially increasing, then decreasing, and finally tending to stabilize. Range analysis showed that the order of influence was: firing pin velocity>tip diameter>primer cup thickness> ffset. In conclusion, the impact kinetic energy of the firing pin is the dominant factor in plastic damage accumulation, and firing pin velocity should be taken as the primary design constraint. The tip diameter and cup thickness need to be properly matched, while the effect of offset is relatively limited. This study provides a theoretical basis and data support for primer structure optimization and the design improvement of key components.
Key words
dynamic load /
interior ballistics /
primer cup /
deformation characteristics /
numerical analysis
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
References
[1] 崔立峰. 武装直升机航炮(枪)系统[J]. 航空科学技术, 1996(5): 16-19.
CUI L F.Armed helicopter aviation gun system[J]. Aeronautical Science and Technology, 1996(5): 16-19.
[2] 陈永刚, 程广伟, 张国平. 某型药筒底火穿孔故障分析[J]. 火炮发射与控制学报, 2010(4): 103-105.
CHEN Y G, CHENG G W, ZHANG G P, et al.Analysis on perforated primer failure in a type of cartridge[J]. Journal of Gun Launch & Control, 2010(4): 103-105.
[3] 张文平. 某底火击穿漏烟问题的解决[J]. 火工品, 2010(1): 42-44.
ZHANG W P.Solution to breakdown and smoke leakage of a certain primer[J]. Initiators & Pyrotechnics, 2010(1): 42-44.
[4] 宋建华. 某枪弹高温连发时底火击穿探析及对策[J]. 四川兵工学报, 2009, 30(6): 77-78.
SONG J H.Analysis and countermeasures of primer piercing during high-temperature rapid fire of a certain cartridge[J]. Journal of Sichuan Ordnance, 2009, 30(6): 77-78.
[5] 宁北卓, 魏志芳, 李凤霞, 等. 基于击针印痕深度的枪械击发能量标定方法研究[J]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2026, 47(2): 79-84.
NING B Z, WEI Z F, LI F X, et al.Research on calibration method of firearm firing energy based on firing pin imprint depth[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2026, 47(2): 79-84.
[6] 郭克强. 某防空反导战斗部强度分析[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳理工大学, 2016.
GUO K Q.Strength analysis of a certain air defense and anti-missile warhead[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang: Shenyang Ligong University, 2016.
[7] 张洪星, 杜永博, 曹志刚, 等. 枪弹底火击穿爆炸成因探析[J]. 四川兵工学报, 2013, 34(5): 12-14.
ZHANG H X, DU Y B, CAO Z G, et al.Cause analysis of cartridge primer piercing and explosion[J]. Journal of Sichuan Ordnance, 2013, 34(5): 12-14.
[8] VALENTA F J, DALTON A J J. Comparison of several techniques to evaluate percussion primer performance[C]//Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Pyrotechnics Seminar, Westminster: IPS, 2002.
[9] 符立华. 某航炮自动机动力学仿真及其关重件强度分析[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学, 2012.
FU L H.Dynamic simulation of an aircraft gun automatic mechanism and strength analysis of its key components[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2012.
[10] 史瑞明. 武器击发底火(火帽)的力学过程机理[J]. 兵工学报, 1992(1): 1-7.
SHI R M.The mechanism of mechanical process in weapon primer (cap) ignition[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 1992(1): 1-7.
[11] YU Y, WEI Z F, LI Y, et al.Firearm's percussion ignition system performance: influencing factors and sensitivity analysis[J]. Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, 2024, 21(7): 30-42.
[12] 梁敬国, 魏志芳, 魏艳忠, 等. 枪弹底火能量释放特性试验研究与数值分析[J]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2024, 45(11): 116-121.
LIANG J G, WEI Z F, WEI Y Z, et al.Experimental study and numerical analysis on energy release characteristics of cartridge primer[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2024, 45(11): 116-121.
[13] 李哲. 枪械击发-点火系统可靠性分析及研究[D]. 太原: 中北大学, 2022.
LI Z.Reliability analysis and research of firearm firing-ignition system[D]. Taiyuan: North University of China, 2022.
[14] WEI Z F, XIN C, HOU X, et al.Mechanical-thermal-chemical coupled modeling techniques and numerical simulation methods for the firearm igniting process[J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2023, 48(6): 50-72.
[15] 王起帆, 孙建虎, 李季, 等. 蜂窝结构抗弹体二次侵彻性能研究[J]. 地下空间与工程学报, 2020, 16(增刊2): 639-646.
WANG Q F, SUN J H, LI J, et al.Research on resistance of honeycomb structure against secondary projectile penetration[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2020, 16(Sup.2): 639-646.
PDF(10248 KB)
