Content Analysis and Migration Risk Assessment of Phthalate Plasticizers in Novel Disposable Takeaway Tableware

NIU Jizhe; WANG Bin; DONG Dandan; CAO Lifen; ZHANG Yu; MA Yuting; TAO Siyuan; TIAN Tian

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.15.018

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Packaging Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (15) : 178-187. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.15.018

Agro-products Preservationand Food Packaging

Content Analysis and Migration Risk Assessment of Phthalate Plasticizers in Novel Disposable Takeaway Tableware

NIU Jizhe¹, WANG Bin^2,*, DONG Dandan², CAO Lifen², ZHANG Yu², MA Yuting¹, TAO Siyuan¹, TIAN Tian¹

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Abstract

The work aims to determine the content of phthalate plasticizers (PAEs) in different types of novel disposable takeaway tableware and evaluate the migration risks. Pretreatment conditions were optimized, and a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed for the quantification of 17 PAEs. Commercially available disposable takeaway tableware was randomly sampled and analyzed for PAEs content. Samples with relatively high PAEs levels were further selected to explore PAEs migration behaviors and health risks. The 17 PAEs exhibited good linearity (R²≥0.997) in the range of 0.02~1.0 mg/L, with limits of detection of 0.01~0.1 mg/kg and limits of quantification of 0.028~3.2 mg/kg. Satisfactory recoveries and precision were achieved for the proposed method. The overall detection rate of PAEs in 45 batches of tableware samples was 57.8%, and the four PAEs detected were DBP, DCHP, DEHP and DNP. The concentrations of PAEs in different types of tableware ranged from 2.19 to 80.46 mg/kg, and the detection rates of the four PAEs followed the order: starch composite > polylactic acid (PLA) > coated paper > pulp-molded tableware. Migration experiments and health risk assessment revealed that PAEs preferentially migrated into fatty food simulants, and the migration levels increased with rising temperature and prolonged time. Notably, DBP and DEHP were more prone to migration from PLA tableware compared with other tableware types. Under simulated storage conditions for takeaway foods, the non-carcinogenic risks of PAEs from representative samples were below the acceptable level. The established GC-MS method is applicable to the determination of phthalate plasticizers in disposable takeaway tableware. The findings can provide a reference for the production, use and supervision of such tableware.

Key words

takeaway tableware / phthalate plasticizers (PAEs) / gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) / migration risk assessment

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NIU Jizhe, WANG Bin, DONG Dandan, CAO Lifen, ZHANG Yu, MA Yuting, TAO Siyuan, TIAN Tian. Content Analysis and Migration Risk Assessment of Phthalate Plasticizers in Novel Disposable Takeaway Tableware[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(15): 178-187 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.15.018

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