Cavity Characteristics of Ceramic Fragments Penetrating Ballistic Soap

REN Kai; LIU Yang; WU Zongya; LI Taotao; YANG Rui; FU Jianping

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.09.033

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Packaging Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (9) : 321-328. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.09.033

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Cavity Characteristics of Ceramic Fragments Penetrating Ballistic Soap

REN Kai¹, LIU Yang², WU Zongya³, LI Taotao^1,3, YANG Rui¹, FU Jianping¹

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Abstract

The work aims to reveal the cavity evolution law during the penetration of biological targets by ceramic fragments, establish a prediction model for cavity volume, and provide theoretical support for the design of low collateral damage warheads. The ballistic soap was used as a biological target simulant to carry out ballistic gun penetration tests and numerical simulations and obtain the dynamic penetration process of soap targets impacted by ceramic fragments with diameters ranging from 4 to 8 mm at velocities of 150 to 950 m/s. Then, the mathematical characterization of cavity volume was established based on dimensionless analysis. After penetration by ceramic fragments, a conical cavity formed and the cavity volume increased with the penetration velocity and diameter of the ceramic fragments. A quantitative relationship between the dimensionless maximum cavity volume and fragment diameter and penetration velocity was established. Verified by experimental results, the relationship showed good agreement, with the model prediction error less than 6%. The established relationship can accurately describe the variation law of cavity volume generated by ceramic fragments penetrating soap targets, and can provide a theoretical basis for the design of low collateral damage warheads and target damage assessment.

Key words

low collateral damage / penetration test / numerical simulation / ballistic soap

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REN Kai, LIU Yang, WU Zongya, LI Taotao, YANG Rui, FU Jianping. Cavity Characteristics of Ceramic Fragments Penetrating Ballistic Soap[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(9): 321-328 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.09.033

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