Research Progress on Damage and Hot Spots in PBX under Complex Loading: Mechanisms, Experiments, and Characterization

WU Lei; QU Kepeng; TAN Miao; YAO Xin

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.09.001

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Packaging Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (9) : 1-13. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.09.001

Special Topic on Ammunition Response and Protection Technology under Intensive Dynamic Loading

Research Progress on Damage and Hot Spots in PBX under Complex Loading: Mechanisms, Experiments, and Characterization

WU Lei, QU Kepeng^*, TAN Miao, YAO Xin

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Abstract

The work aims to investigate the damage evolution and hot spot formation of polymer bonded explosive (PBX) under complex loading to understand its energy absorption and damage behavior across the entire life cycle, including production, storage, transportation, and service, thereby improving the safety of weapons and ammunition. Advances in the study of damage evolution and hot spot formation in PBX under complex loading were reviewed from three perspectives: damage evolution and hot spot formation mechanisms, multi-field coupled loading techniques, and multi-scale characterization techniques. Firstly, the evolution of damage in explosive crystals, binders, and interfaces was examined. Then, various hot spot mechanisms applicable to PBX were summarized, along with an analysis of how multi-field coupling influences explosive ignition by altering energy dissipation pathways. Techniques for multi-field coupling under different strain rate loading and multi-scale characterization approaches for tracking damage and hot spot evolution were also discussed; In conclusion, complex loading restructures energy dissipation pathways, leading to shear band-dominated localized damage. Current loading techniques cannot yet achieve independent and simultaneous control of three fields, and a gap in spatial and temporal resolution remains among multi-scale characterization methods. Establishing a multi-mechanism coupled ignition criterion and developing multi-modal in-situ synchronous characterization techniques are the core challenges for the future.

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polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) / complex loading / damage evolution / hot spot formation / multi-scale characterization

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WU Lei, QU Kepeng, TAN Miao, YAO Xin. Research Progress on Damage and Hot Spots in PBX under Complex Loading: Mechanisms, Experiments, and Characterization[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(9): 1-13 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.09.001

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