Design and Performance Evaluation of a Collaborative Protection System for Smart Firefighting Protective Clothing

ZHOU Xuanfeng; WANG Zexing; LIU Haiyan; WANG Fengling

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.03.033

PDF(3552 KB)

Packaging Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3) : 307-314. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.03.033

Defense Equipment

Design and Performance Evaluation of a Collaborative Protection System for Smart Firefighting Protective Clothing

ZHOU Xuanfeng^1a, WANG Zexing^1a,1b, LIU Haiyan², WANG Fengling²

Author information +

History +

Abstract

To address the composite risks of high temperature, dense smoke and toxic gases in fire rescue operations, as well as the issues like the limited protection and lack of active monitoring in traditional firefighting clothing, the work aims to establish a smart firefighting protective clothing system capable of real-time monitoring and early warning. With a microcontroller as the control core, multiple sensors including temperature and humidity, posture, blood oxygen and heart rate, environmental weather conditions, laser ranging, temperature, and carbon monoxide, were integrated into the firefighting protective clothing. Through layered design and data fusion, multi-level early warning conditions were established. The system was capable of simultaneously monitoring the surrounding environment as well as the firefighter's physiological and motion status, enabling timely detection of environmental deterioration, excessive physical load, or abnormal posture, and issuing early warnings accordingly. This smart firefighting clothing enables a shift from mere "passive protection" to "active monitoring and early intervention," thereby helping to reduce rescue risks and enhance firefighters' operational safety, and demonstrating strong potential for application and widespread adoption.

Key words

embedded systems / smart clothing / microcontroller technology / firefighting clothing / mode recognition

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

ZHOU Xuanfeng, WANG Zexing, LIU Haiyan, WANG Fengling. Design and Performance Evaluation of a Collaborative Protection System for Smart Firefighting Protective Clothing[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(3): 307-314 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.03.033

References

[1] GAO H P, DEATON A S, FANG X M, et al.Effects of Outer Shell Fabric Color, Smoke Contamination, and Washing on Heat Loss through Turnout Suit Systems[J]. Textile Research Journal, 2022, 92(11/12): 1909-1922.
[2] DE BEER J A, DIETZ E L, STOLIAROV S I, et al. An Empirical Firebrand Pile Heat Flux Model[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2023, 141: 104004.
[3] 文韬. 消防员个人防护装备的改进策略[J]. 今日消防, 2025, 10(2): 19-21.
WEN T.Improvement Strategy of Fireman's Personal Protective Equipment[J]. Fire Protection Today, 2025, 10(2): 19-21.
[4] 刘亚光. 3层结构的消防员灭火防护服探讨[J]. 产业用纺织品, 2016, 34(12): 24-26.
LIU Y G.Discussion on Firefighters’ Protective Clothings of Three-Layer Construction[J]. Technical Textiles, 2016, 34(12): 24-26.
[5] 翟胜男, 陈太球, 蒋春燕, 等. 消防服外层织物热防护性与舒适性综合评价[J]. 纺织学报, 2018, 39(8): 100-104.
ZHAI S N, CHEN T Q, JIANG C Y, et al.Comprehensive Evaluation on Thermal Protection and Comfort of Outer Fabrics of Firefighter Protective Clothing[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2018, 39(8): 100-104.
[6] XU H J, ZHANG L, JIN Z, et al.Physiological and Perceptual Responses of Firefighters Wearing Protective Clothing under Various Training Environment and Activity Conditions[J]. Building and Environment, 2025, 267: 112247.
[7] 苗勇, 李俊. 减少热蓄积的消防服开发及其性能评价[J]. 纺织学报, 2016, 37(1): 111-115.
MIAO Y, LI J.Development and Evaluation of Firefighter's Clothing Capable of Enhancing Heat Dissipation[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2016, 37(1): 111-115.
[8] 夏毅. 消防灭火技术革新与应用趋势[C]// 智慧建筑与智能经济建设学术研讨会论文集(二). 重庆: 乐山市消防救援支队肖坝路消防救援站, 2025: 1256-1258.
XIA Y.Innovation and Application Trends in Firefighting Technology[C]// Chongqing Architecture Association, Proceedings of the Academic Symposium on Smart Building and Intelligent Economy Construction (Vol. 2). Chongqing: Leshan Fire and Rescue Division Xiaoban Road Fire and Rescue Station, 2025.
[9] 毛水强, 王朝龙, 章宁, 等. 智能消防服远程监控系统的研发[J]. 数码设计(下), 2019(12): 243.
MAO S Q, WANG (C/Z)L, ZHANG N, et al. Research and Development of Remote Monitoring System for Intelligent Fire Clothing[J]. Peak Data Science, 2019(12): 243.
[10] 江婷婷, 翟丽娜. 可穿戴技术在智能消防服上的应用研究[J]. 今日消防, 2025, 10(6): 19-21.
JIANG T T, ZHAI L N.Research on the Application of Wearable Technology in Intelligent Fire Clothing[J]. Fire Protection Today, 2025, 10(6): 19-21.
[11] MIAO Y M, WU G X, LIU C, et al.Green Cognitive Body Sensor Network: Architecture, Energy Harvesting, and Smart Clothing-Based Applications[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2019, 19(19): 8371-8378.
[12] SAFAVI JAHROMI G, GHAZINOORY S.Clothing Industry in Transition from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0[J]. The Journal of the Textile Institute, 2025, 116(3): 365-379.
[13] 周锐. 人工智能在消防救援装备中的应用探讨[J]. 江西通信科技, 2025(2): 27-31.
ZHOU R.Discussion on the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Fire Rescue Equipment[J]. Jiangxi Communication Science & Technology, 2025(2): 27-31.
[14] SANTOS G, MARQUES R, RIBEIRO J, et al.Firefighting: Challenges of Smart PPE[J]. Forests, 2022, 13(8): 1319.
[15] XU D, GAO C, GE C, et al.Integrated Firefighting Textile with Temperature and Pressure Monitoring for Personal Defense[J]. ACS Sensors, 2024, 9(5): 2575-2584.
[16] DĄBROWSKA A, BARTKOWIAK G, KOTAS R. Evaluation of Functionality of Warning System in Smart Protective Clothing for Firefighters[J]. Sensors, 2021, 21(5): 1767.
[17] FUDIM M, EGOLUM U, HAGHIGHAT A, et al.Surveillance and Alert-Based Multiparameter Monitoring to Reduce Worsening Heart Failure Events: Results from SCALE-HF 1[J]. Journal of Cardiac Failure, 2025, 31(4): 661-675.
[18] CHAI X Q, WU R J, PIKE M, et al.Smart Wearables with Sensor Fusion for Fall Detection in Firefighting[J]. Sensors, 2021, 21(20): 6770.
[19] 谢浩月, 梅鑫, 唐虹, 等. 智能消防服的研制与演示[J]. 上海纺织科技, 2021, 49(3): 11-14.
XIE H Y, MEI X, TANG H, et al.Development and Demonstration of Intelligent Firefighting Protective Clothing[J]. Shanghai Textile Science & Technology, 2021, 49(3): 11-14.
[20] 刘宇程, 牛韬, 付赟龙, 等. 基于智能消防服系统设计与试验[J]. 舰船电子工程, 2025, 45(3): 173-177.
LIU Y C, NIU T, FU B L, et al.Design and Testing of Intelligent Firefighting Clothing System[J]. Ship Electronic Engineering, 2025, 45(3): 173-177.
[21] LU L X, SHEN D S, LI G Q, et al.Acquisition and Control Systems of Distributed Data Based on STM32[C]//Advanced Manufacturing and Automation VII. Singapore: Springer, 2018: 175-180.
[22] DARMAWAN K S, NUGRAHA T A, PUTRA K T.An Internet of Things Approach to Real-Time Health Monitoring: A Heart Rate and Oxygen Saturation[C]//2024 4th International Conference on Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Intelligent System (ICE3IS). Yogyakarta: IEEE, 2024.
[23] WANG K, XU X Y, ZHENG Y P, et al.Computational Design of Wiring Layout on Tight Suits with Minimal Motion Resistance[C]// SIGGRAPH Asia 2023 Conference Papers. Sydney: ACM, 2023.
[24] LAUTERBACH C, GLASER R, SAVIO D, et al.A Self-Organizing and Fault-Tolerant Wired Peer-to-Peer Sensor Network for Textile Applications[C]// Engineering Self-Organising Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2005: 256-266.
[25] 林开司, 张露. 基于STM32的WI-FI视频采集与传输系统设计[J]. 吉林化工学院学报, 2022, 39(1): 90-94.
LIN K S, ZHANG L.Design of Wi-Fi Video Acquisition and Transmission System Based on STM32[J]. Journal of Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, 2022, 39(1): 90-94.