A Robust Colorful Packaging Image Watermarking Algorithm Based on Fractional Quaternion Fourier Transform

WU Jing; LU Guo; LI Yaohui

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2025.21.024

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Packaging Engineering ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (21) : 224-230. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2025.21.024

Automatic and Intelligent Technology

A Robust Colorful Packaging Image Watermarking Algorithm Based on Fractional Quaternion Fourier Transform

WU Jing^1*, LU Guo², LI Yaohui³

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Abstract

The work aims to address the issues of infringement, piracy and malicious tampering faced by digital images, to ensure the security and reliability of product packaging box images, and construct a rigorous and effective mechanism for copyright protection and content authentication. A robust digital watermarking algorithm for color images based on Fractional Quaternion Fourier Transform (FrQFT) was proposed. Firstly, the color carrier image was transformed into the transform domain via FrQFT. Subsequently, the watermark information was embedded invisibly by modifying the FrQFT coefficients of image blocks. Experimental validation results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm exhibited significant superiority and maintained stable performance under various attack scenarios. Notably, it showed exceptional robustness against JPEG compression attacks, with a high accuracy rate in watermark extraction. The algorithm realized an efficient balance between imperceptibility and robustness through a global error diffusion mechanism. Furthermore, the FrQFT possesses the distinctive characteristic of integrating both spatial and frequency domain features, which enables the algorithm to achieve higher flexibility in adapting to application scenarios and optimizing performance compared with conventional single-domain algorithms.

Key words

digital watermark / FrQFT / colorful packaging image / Quaternion Fourier Transform / Fractional Fourier Transform

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WU Jing, LU Guo, LI Yaohui. A Robust Colorful Packaging Image Watermarking Algorithm Based on Fractional Quaternion Fourier Transform[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2025, 46(21): 224-230 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2025.21.024

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