Shock Wave Propagation Characteristics in Density-gradient Aluminium Foams Based on 2D Voronoi Model

WU Chenxi; LIU Kai; JING Lin

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2025.19.004

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Packaging Engineering ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (19) : 31-40. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2025.19.004

Special Topic on Protective Metamaterial and MetastructureAgainst Impact

Shock Wave Propagation Characteristics in Density-gradient Aluminium Foams Based on 2D Voronoi Model

WU Chenxi, LIU Kai, JING Lin^*

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Abstract

The work aims to investigate the dynamic crushing behavior and shock wave propagation in continuously density-graded aluminium foams under constant-velocity impact. A one-dimensional nonlinear shock wave model was established based on a rate independent rigid-plastic hardening (R-PH) constitutive relation, and a microscale finite element model was developed by 2D Voronoi to simulate the dynamic crushing process, analyze the typical dynamic deformation mode and stress-strain response of gradient aluminum foams, reveal the one-dimensional velocity field distribution law and shock wave propagation characteristics of gradient aluminum foams, and compare the average velocity of the wavefront obtained by theoretical and finite element calculations. The results showed that compared with the single deformation mode of uniform density and positive gradient aluminium foams under impact, the negative gradient aluminium foams transitioned from quasi-static to dynamic deformation with increasing velocity. Shock wave propagation in uniform and positive gradient foams was dominated by a single wave, whereas negative gradient foams displayed double waves by a shift from backward wave to forward wave dominance. During wave propagation, part of the kinetic energy was transferred to the undeformed region, reducing the velocity of both forward and backward waves. The study validates the effectiveness of the theoretical shock model and elucidates the dynamic crushing mechanisms and wave propagation characteristics under different impact velocities and density distribution, providing theoretical and technical support for the application of graded aluminium foams in protective engineering.

Key words

aluminium foam / density gradient / 2D Voronoi model / dynamic compression / shock wave propagation

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WU Chenxi, LIU Kai, JING Lin. Shock Wave Propagation Characteristics in Density-gradient Aluminium Foams Based on 2D Voronoi Model[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2025, 46(19): 31-40 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2025.19.004

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