The work aims to conduct a comparative analysis of current domestic and international standards for lithium battery transport in multi-modal transport scenarios, with a focus on China's 3C system, so as to propose regulatory optimization strategies to improve the safety and efficiency of cross-border transport and enhance the international competitiveness of the industry. Through literature review, lithium battery transport regulations issued by international organizations such as the International Civil Aviation Organization, the International Maritime Organization, and the United Nations Sub-Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, as well as by countries and regions including China, the United States, and the European Union were collected and analyzed. Through comparative analysis, key differences in access testing, classification and labeling transport restrictions, and emergency response mechanisms were identified and summarized. The results showed that international standards formed a coordinated regulatory framework using UN 38.3 type testing as the access requirement and a 30% state of charge along with classification labels as baseline conditions. China has adopted stricter measures in sampling frequency, full product life cycle safety, and port certification review, but lacks alignment with the update pace of international multi-modal transport documents, resulting in repeated testing and increased compliance costs. To address these issues, China could enhance its regulatory framework by unifying standards across transport modes, establishing an electronic traceability platform, promoting mutual recognition between 3C certification and transport compliance, and strengthening emergency response systems, thereby improving global market access and supply chain resilience.
Key words
lithium battery transport /
transport modes /
dangerous goods regulation /
international standards /
regulatory policies
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