The work aims to develop a full bio-based plasticizer to provide a reference for solving problems such as poor plasticizing property and unsustainability of ethyl cellulose packaging materials. In this work, a full bio-based cardanol-grafting dimer acid diglycidyl ester (CGDAE) was developed with natural cardanol, and vegetable oil derivatives (dimer acid and epichlorohydrin) as feedstocks through etherifications, where dimer acid firstly reacted with epichlorohydrin to form dimer acid diglycidyl ester (DGE) and then DGE reacted with cardanol to result in cardanol-grafting dimer acid diglycidyl ester (CGDAE). Through the characterization of mechanical properties, low-temperature resistance, heat resistance and anti-migration performance, the feasibility of fully replacing commercially available plasticizers with fully bio-based cardanol glycerol ether dimer acid was explored. The tensile, low temperature resistance, high temperature resistance as well as migration resistance results indicated that the properties of EC plasticized by cardanol-grafting dimer acid diglycidyl ester (EC/CGDAE) were better than those of EC blended with commercial petro-based plasticizers such as dioctyl phthalate (EC/DOP) and di-isononyl-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (EC/DINCH). In particular, compared with EC plasticized by epoxidized soybean oil (EC/ESO), the tensile property, low-temperature resistance, volatilization resistance as well as migration resistance respectively increased by 290%, 16.2 ℃, 2.9%, and 92.2%. The full bio-based CGDAE has good compatibility and plasticizing properties with EC, which endows EC products with outstanding mechanical, low temperature resistance and migration resistance properties, and can fully replace commercially available petroleum-based and bio-based plasticizers.
Key words
cardanol /
bio-based plasticizer /
ethyl cellulose /
vegetable oil /
etherification
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