The work aims to design a lightweight, high-strength comprehensive protection material that can withstand explosion and high-speed projectile penetration to meet the comprehensive protection performance requirements of future protective equipment in aerospace, military and other fields in complex operating environments. Inspired by the stable arrangement and geometric structure of barnacles, a new gradient conical tube structure modeled after barnacles was designed based on the concept of metamaterials and bionic materials, and embedded into the existing materials in the form of core layer. The comprehensive protection performance was verified by ABAQUS finite element simulation and experiment. Compared with traditional honeycomb materials, the mass of barnacle bionic metamaterials was reduced by about 24%. In the explosion experiment, the explosion limit stress of the back explosion surface was reduced by about 17%, and the depth of mud depression was reduced by about 7%. In the impact test, the backplane invasion displacement was reduced by about 57%, and the depth of mud depression was reduced by about 83%, which had a better energy dissipation effect. Compared with traditional honeycomb materials, barnacle bionic metamaterials not only have higher lightweight performance, but also have improved anti-explosion and anti-impact comprehensive protection performance.