The work aims to investigate the effects of cold atmospheric plasma combined with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the preservation and quality of banana plums, so as to extend the shelf life of banana plums. Banana plums used as experimental materials were subject to treatment in groups of MAP (3% O2, 6% CO2, 91% N2), CAP (power 800 W, jet distance 8 mm, time 60 s), and the combined treatment. Changes in sensory scores, firmness, weight loss rate, decay rate, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA), total soluble solids (TSS), and vitamin C (VC) content during low-temperature storage were analyzed. During storage at 4 ℃, all groups could delay the deterioration of fruit quality, with the combined treatment showing the best preservation effect. After 35 days of storage, the sensory score of the combined treatment group was (7.9±0.36) points (>5 points), within the edible range; The firmness was (4.12±0.22) kg/cm2, significantly increased by 32.05% and 7.01% compared with the MAP group and the CAP group (P<0.05); The weight loss rate and decay rate were (1.8±0.16)% and (12±1.23)%, respectively, significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05); PPO and POD activities were (1.7±0.28) U/g and (14.4±1.36) U/g, respectively; the MDA content was (25.4±1.32) nmol/g, all maintained at a low level. The results indicated that the combined treatment, by integrating the advantages of the two preservation methods, not only inhibited enzyme activity to delay enzymatic browning but also effectively reduced the physiological metabolic rate and respiratory intensity of banana plums, thereby significantly slowing down the oxidation process of the fruit. This synergistic effect not only extended the shelf life of banana plums but also better maintained their quality characteristics. Compared with the control group, the combined treatment could extend the shelf life of banana plums by 14 days and maintain their edible value, providing a theoretical reference for the preservation and storage of banana plums.