The work aims to design a multi-factor monitoring device for ammunition storage microenvironment to develop a new detection means to solve the problem that the traditional technology can only detect microenvironment parameters at a close range, and cannot collect or automatically store parameters or send alarm in real time. A new type of monitoring and early warning technology was studied with the storage microenvironment of a certain type of ammunition as the application object. The multi-factor monitoring device was designed and prepared, and the system composition and structure design of the device were introduced. The device was integrated into a real model of microenvironment built with a certain type of ammunition as the application background. The changes of humidity, pressure and corrosive atmosphere of the microenvironment with storage time were obtained, and the control effect of the microenvironment was verified. The design and application of the multi-factor monitoring device for ammunition storage microenvironment can fill the gap of real-time observation of ammunition microenvironment, is conducive to the rapid service treatment of the failure or abnormal situation of ammunition storage microenvironment, and can provide technical support for the health assessment and management as well as long-term storage protection of weapons and equipment.