The work aims to take elm as the research object and study the effect of texture direction on the dissociation morphological characteristics and mechanical properties of wood under compression and bending.. Compression and bending loading tests were carried out on air-dried and softened elm specimens in different loading directions. The dissociation morphological characteristics and mechanical properties of the specimens were collected, and the effects of texture direction on the dissociation morphological characteristics and mechanical properties of air-dried and softened elm specimens under compression and bending loading were analyzed. The degree of compression dissociation of the softened specimens was greater than that of the air-dried specimens. When the compression loading angle was less than 45°, the dissociation degree of the specimens was larger than that of the specimens when the compression loading angle was greater than 45°. The tangential loading specimens were the easiest to dissociate, and the axial loading specimens were the most difficult to dissociate. The bending fracture surface of the air-dried specimens was mainly serrated and needle-like, and the bending fracture surface of the softened specimens was mainly wood wool and fine crack. When the bending loading direction was less than 45°, the fracture fiber dissociation morphology of the specimens was consistent, and the consistency of the fracture fiber dissociation morphology of the softened specimens was better than that of the air-dried specimens. The compression loading stress level of the softened specimens was lower than that of the air-dried specimens, while the bending loading impact toughness of the softened specimens was higher than that of the air-dried specimens. When the loading direction transited from tangential to radial direction, the compression yield strength and impact toughness of air-dried and softened specimens increased with the increase of loading angle, showing a linear positive correlation relationship. The compression yield strength and impact toughness of tangential loading were the smallest. Under compression and bending load, the degree of dissociation of the softened specimens is higher than that of the air-dry specimens, and the specimens loaded along the tangential direction are the easiest to dissociate. When the loading angle is less than 45°, the energy consumption of the elm specimens is low, and the fiber obtained is good in shape and high in quality.