The work aims to investigate the impact fracture behavior of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. Taylor impact tests were conducted with a one-stage gas gun in an impact velocity range of 177.7-298.7 m/s to obtain the fracture behavior of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy Taylor rod under different impact velocities. Subsequently, a finite element model was built based on a modified MJC plasticity model and a Lode dependent modified Mohr-Coulomb (MMC) fracture criterion, and was then used to predict and analyze the fracture behavior of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy Taylor rod. Upsetting, shear cracking and fragmentation could be observed with the increasing impact velocities and the Lode dependent MMC fracture criterion could reasonably predict the plastic deformation and fracture behavior of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy Taylor rod. In spite of mesh size sensitivity, the Lode dependent MMC fracture criterion can reasonably predict the impact fracture behavior of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy Taylor rod. Compression-shear is the dominant stress state during the fracture behavior of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy Taylor rod.