The work aims to take honeycomb aluminum sandwich panel as the object to analyze its impact response characteristics to low collateral damage element of φ8 mm zirconia ceramic fragments. Firstly, the ballistic limit of zirconia ceramic fragments penetrating into honeycomb aluminum sandwich panel at normal and 30° oblique angles was obtained by ballistic gun test. Then, the impact response characteristics and deformation resistance of honeycomb aluminum sandwich panel at different angles were explored by finite element method, and the effect of fragment diameter on the impact response characteristics of honeycomb aluminum sandwich structure was compared and analyzed. The vertical penetration ballistic limit velocity of φ8 mm ceramic fragments into aluminum honeycomb sandwich panel was 236.5 m/s, and the oblique penetration ballistic limit velocity with an impact angle of 30° was 276.5 m/s. For the fragments with a diameter similar to the span of a honeycomb unit, the larger the diameter of the fragment, the smaller the impact of the oblique penetration angle on the specific kinetic energy of the honeycomb panel for breakdown. At the same oblique angle, the larger the diameter of ceramic fragments, the smaller the specific kinetic energy required to penetrate honeycomb aluminum sandwich panel. The impact response characteristics of aluminum honeycomb sandwich panel to ceramic low collateral damage element are obtained and the research results can provide reference for the design of anti-satellite and anti-space target warheads.