The work aims to address the limitation of single-component chitosan film-forming capabilities, which fall short of commercial food packaging requirements, and explore the potential of chitosan-based fresh-keeping films/coatings within the realm of food packaging. By reviewing existing literature, the preparation technologies, modification strategies, and performances of chitosan-based fresh-keeping films/coatings were presented, offering a comprehensive overview of their recent applications in food packaging. In conclusion, the optical, mechanical, barrier, and antimicrobial properties of chitosan can be significantly enhanced through physical and chemical modifications. Finally, this review envisages the future applications of chitosan-based fresh-keeping films/coatings in food packaging and highlights key directions for forthcoming research.