The work aims to investigate the effects of different raw material ratios and process parameters on the foaming properties and mechanical properties of plant fiber foaming materials. Plant fiber foaming materials were prepared by the active foaming and atmospheric drying process with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyether (F127) as raw materials. As the fiber content increased, the foaming ratio, porosity, and drainage rate of the material decreased gradually. When the fiber content was low, the material had good resilience, but when it was high, the material had high compressive strength. The addition of F127 effectively reduced the surface tension of the system, and the size of the material pores gradually decreased. As F127 increased, the foaming ratio, porosity, and resilience of the material showed an increasing trend firstly and then decreased, while the compressive strength changed little. The resilience of the plant fiber foaming material increased with the increasing humidity, and its compressive strength increased with the increasing temperature. When the mass fraction of plant fiber, PVA and F127 is 4%, 3% and 2% respectively, the plant fiber foaming material has the most excellent comprehensive performance.