The work aims to provide an overview of common agricultural and forestry residues and inorganic cementitious materials and their characteristics, analyze the research status and development trends of pore structure construction methods and interface compatibility regulation of agricultural and forestry residues/inorganic lightweight porous materials, summarize the problems and challenges in this direction, and provide a theoretical basis for related research and production. Starting from the raw materials and production of agricultural and forestry residues/inorganic lightweight porous materials, the pore forming principles and performance comparisons of physical and chemical structures of pore structures were introduced, and the pre-treatment of agricultural and forestry residues and inorganic adhesive was proposed to improve the compatibility of the two-phase interface and enhance the comprehensive performance of composite materials. The results showed that different methods of constructing pore structures had different effects on the formation, morphology, and distribution of pore structures in inorganic lightweight porous materials. Reasonable pretreatment methods had significant effects on improving the mechanical properties, water resistance, and other properties of inorganic lightweight porous materials. At present, research on the preparation and modification technology of lightweight composite materials has made certain progress, but it is mostly limited to the theoretical experimental stage. It is necessary to strengthen its industrial research and application, and create social and economic value.