The work aims to make the design of the transport container for the new fuel of HTGR meet the relevant requirements of GB 11806—2019 "Safe Transport Regulations for Radioactive Materials" through radiation safety analysis based on the characteristics of the new fuel of HTGR. According to the analysis results and the operation experience of the transport container in NPPs in China, the occupational exposure analysis of the transport container operation is carried out to ensure the radiation safety of personnel. The main radionuclides of the new fuel were analyzed, the photon and neutron energy spectra of the new fuel were determined by nuclear data, the three-dimensional model of the transport container was established by Monte Carlo method program, and the radiation shielding was analyzed. External dose rates from radiation shield analysis were used to assess the dose exposed to transport container operators. The maximum surface dose rate of the transport container loaded with UO2 fuel under routine transport conditions was less than the prescribed limit value of 0.5 mSv/h, and the transport index was 0.05, meeting the requirements of Class II (Yellow) cargo package. The radiation level of the PuO2 and MOX fuel elements was six orders of magnitude higher than that of the UO2 fuel elements, and in order to make the transport container comply with the requirements of the Class II (Yellow) cargo package, the external shielding was required to be 20 cm lead and 20 cm boron-containing epoxy resin. Due to the low radiation level of UO2 fuel, the transport containers loaded with UO2 fuel meet the standard requirements under routine transport conditions and normal transport test conditions. Due to the radioactive subactinides and fission products in plutonium products, the radiation level of PuO2 and MOX fuel is much higher than that of UO2 fuel, and the transport containers used to carry UO2 fuel elements are no longer suitable, and photon and neutron shielding must be added to the transport containers.