The work aims to review the development status of assembly technology based on digital twin in China and abroad and look forward to the development prospect combined with the trends of the manufacturing industry and the development trajectory of the assembly technology. The three development stages of digital assembly, namely, virtual reality-based digital assembly, augmented reality-based digital assembly, and digital twin-based digital assembly, were sorted out and their respective features were summarized. The research progress in the aspects of digital twin modeling, twin simulation accuracy prediction and control, and development of digital twin assembly system in China and abroad was summarized in detail, and the development prospects were put forward. It is clearly pointed out that assembly technology based on digital twin still faces problems and challenges in terms of data accuracy and completeness, timeliness, system integration and compatibility, and corresponding solutions are proposed.