With the rapid development of materials science, various metamaterials have demonstrated immense potential in numerous cutting-edge technological fields due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Notably, metamaterials with electromagnetic regulation capabilities have garnered significant attention for their applications in electromagnetic wave absorption. The work aims to discuss the latest research progress of carbon-based, magnetic, metal-based, ceramic-based and water-based electromagnetic wave absorbing metamaterials from different material systems, and analyze their unique design ideas and application characteristics. Firstly, the structure and properties of carbon-based, magnetic, metal-based, ceramic-based and water-based wave absorbing metamaterials were described. Subsequently, specific application examples of these materials in the design of electromagnetic wave absorption metamaterials were summarized, including methods and strategies for structural design, composite approaches, and performance optimization. By comparing, differences in preparation techniques and wave absorption properties among metamaterials with different structures were analyzed. The main challenges and issues faced in material selection, design principles, and practical applications of current electromagnetic wave absorption metamaterials are summarized. In response to these challenges, key research directions for future studies are proposed, including the development of novel wave absorption materials, research on multi-material composites and synergistic mechanisms, and the exploration of high-performance, low-cost preparation technologies. These research directions will provide strong support for the continuous innovation and development of electromagnetic wave absorption metamaterials, promoting their wide application in areas such as wireless communication, and electromagnetic protection.