The work aims to improve the physical and mechanical properties, dimensional stability, resistance to loss and thermal stability of fast-growing Chinese fir wood, so that the fir wood can be applied in home decoration, building engineering, packaging engineering and other fields. Sodium silicate and water-based acrylic resin were used as modifiers to produce sodium silicate/acrylic resin compound modified wood by vacuum-pressure impregnation. By testing mechanical properties, water absorption and leaching rates, and using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermal Weight Analysis (TGA) to characterize modified wood, the effect of compound modification of sodium silicate/acrylic resin on wood performance was investigated. When the sodium silicate concentration and water-based acrylic resin concentration were 15%, sodium silicate/acrylic compound modified wood had the best mechanical properties, water resistance and loss resistance. Compared to unmodified wood, sodium silicate modified wood and acrylic resin modified wood, the mechanical properties, dimensional stability, loss resistance and thermal stability of sodium silicate/acrylic compound modified wood were all improved. Sodium silicate/acrylic resin impregnation modification can fill sodium silicate into the internal porosity of Chinese fir wood and realize the chemical crosslinking of acrylic resin and sodium silicate, so as to significantly improve the performance of Chinese fir wood.