The work aims to establish afinite element model for rubber shock absorbers by ABAQUS based on exiting rubber shock absorbers, so as to simulate the working process of rubber shock absorbers, conduct optimization based on the current structure and solve the cracks in the structural surface. Firstly, the current structure was simulated to obtain the stress concentration area. Secondly, a material selection research was conducted to design rubber formulations with high strength, fatigue resistance and easy bonding. Thirdly, the finite element model of rubber shock absorbers was used to optimize the structure without changing the stiffness characteristics. Finally, through fatigue testing of samples, the feasibility of the newly developed shock absorber was compared and verified. After testing, the new shock absorber showed a dynamic stiffness attenuation of less than 3% after 2 million fatigue cycles, indicating better fatigue aging characteristics. Through the combination of finite element analysis and test, the cause of crack defect of a certain type of rubber shock absorbers is analyzed, and the problem of process improvement is solved. This article can provide important technical guidance for the design of similar shock absorbers.