The work aims to summarize the latest research progress of bio-based coatings which can enhance the waterproofing and oilproofing of food wrapping paper, so as to provide theoretical reference for the subsequent research and application in related fields. Two types of bio-based coatings (protein and polysaccharide) were classified, and the research on the modification of different materials in the field of food packaging was reviewed in detail. Then, the performance of bio-based coatings was compared with that of traditional packaging materials and corresponding solutions were put forward. Finally, the existing difficulties and application prospects were summarized and prospected. By combining with other biopolymers or adding plasticizers, the modification of hydrophobic or oleophobic biopolymer coatings such as cellulose, chitosan, starch and alginate can solve the problem of insufficient water and oil resistance of porous cellulose paper-based materials, and can effectively avoid the harm to human body and the surrounding environment caused by the use of fluorine-containing coatings. Biological coatings have a good development prospect in the field of waterproof and oilproof modification of food wrapping paper.