The reasonable distribution of reinforcement ribs can effectively improve the vibration resistance of the structure. The work aims to study the dynamic optimization design of reinforcement rib distribution in plate and shell structures based on biomimetic principles to improve the vibration resistance of plate and shell structures. A reinforcement rib distribution optimization model with dynamic flexibility as the objective was established by adopting the adaptive growth method and introducing the equivalent static load method, to derive a design variable iterative update formula based on the criterion method. The reinforcement rib distribution design of plate and shell structures under single point excitation and multi-point different dynamic loads was studied, and the structural characteristics of reinforcement ribs under single point excitation and multi-point different dynamic loads were investigated. The research results indicated that the distribution optimization of reinforcement ribs in plate and shell structures based on biomimetic design could achieve the design of reinforcement ribs under any dynamic load, and the optimized reinforcement ribs had clear shape distribution, and could be applied to the manufacturing of reinforcement ribs without further treatment. According to the optimization design of plate and shell structures with different constraints, the vibration resistance of plate and shell structures is improved through the design of reinforcement ribs.