The work aims to study the color surface structure and composition of the TB5 titanium alloy surface following laser coloring, and explore the mechanism of color change of alloy surface to provide a reference for similar metal coloring control. A range of colors were generated on the material surface by nanosecond laser-induced coloring of titanium alloy and varying the laser parameters. The surface structure, composition and surface characteristics of these colors were characterized using scanning electron microscopy to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of color change. Furthermore, the surface wettability of these colors was explored with a contact angle meter, laying the foundation for their potential applications. The experiments demonstrated that following alterations to the laser parameters, a spectrum of colors was observed, including blue, purple and yellow. Prior to coloring, the contact angle of the titanium alloy surface was found to be 46.77°. This indicated that the alloy was hydrophilic. However, the color samples obtained after coloring exhibited hydrophobicity. The relationship between different color samples and the wettability of the treated metal surface is obtained by the laser marking and coloring technique on the surface of TB5 titanium alloy. This demonstrates the possibility of tailoring the coloring as well as the wettability of the metal at the same time by adjusting the set of laser parameters.