The work aims to develop a new type of Pickering emulsion loaded with Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil, and provide a reference for the preparation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil Pickering emulsion and the expansion of the application scenarios of Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil. The Pickering emulsion loaded with Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil was prepared with Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil as oil phase and zein-citrus pectin composite nanoparticles as solid particles. The effects of the concentration of composite nanoparticles (20, 25, 30, 35, 40 g/L) on the physical and chemical properties (particle size, potential, microstructure, stability, rheological properties), as well as functional activities (antioxidant and antibacterial capacities) of Pickering emulsion were investigated. The results showed that with the increase of the concentration of composite nanoparticles, the particle size of the emulsion firstly reduced and then raised, the absolute value of ζ-potential and the embedding rate initially increased and then decreased. When the concentration of composite nanoparticles was 35 g/L, the minimum particle size of the emulsion was 1 900.3 nm, the maximum ζ-potential and entrapment rate were 32.7 mV and 95%, respectively. At this concentration, the storage stability of the emulsion was the best. The emulsion had excellent temperature stability, good stability in acidic (pH=2, 3, 4) and alkaline (pH=8, 9) environments. All emulsion presented obvious shear thinning behavior and belonged to pseudoplastic fluid; At low frequency, the loss modulus of the emulsion was greater than the storage modulus, showing a fluid state. Compared with Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil, the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Zein-Citrus pectin Pickering emulsion loaded with Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil were significantly improved. In conclusion, when the concentration of composite nanoparticles is 35 g/L, Zein-Citrus pectin Pickering emulsion loaded with Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil possess good stability, antioxidant and antibacterial properties.