The work aims to investigate the effects of vacuum package and different planting conditions on the storage and nutritional quality of lotus roots, figure out the relationship between indexes and establish a comprehensive evaluation system for the quality of postharvest lotus roots. Firstly, the effects of vacuum package on the water loss rate and color of lotus roots were compared. On this basis, the effects of two planting methods, open-air and greenhouse, and long and short planting periods on the storage quality and nutritional components of lotus root were studied. The lotus quality index (LQI) was used to evaluate the nutritional quality of lotus roots comprehensively. At low temperature, the vacuum package could effectively alleviate the water loss of lotus roots and maintain the appearance color, extending the shelf life from 10 d to 2 d. Lotus roots cultivated in the greenhouse with long planting period were the most resistant to store while those planted for short period had the best nutritional quality. The total soluble solids, total sugar, starch, soluble proteins, Vc, and total phenols in lotus roots increased after 10 days of storage. LQI indicated that the nutritional value of lotus roots was maintained with vacuum package during storage. The greenhouse planting can effectively improve the nutrition and storage quality of lotus roots, and the planting time should be determined based on economic benefits.