The work aims to explore the application potential of lignin carbon quantum dots (CQDs) fluorescent ink and its writing label, and CQDs/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite fluorescent films in anti-counterfeiting packaging. With lignin as the carbon source, undoped carbon quantum dots O-CQDs and sulfur-doped carbon quantum dots S-CQDs were obtained by the one-pot hydrothermal method. Fluorescent ink, and its writing fluorescent labels, and CQDs/PVA composite fluorescent films were prepared, and their fluorescence anti-counterfeiting performance was explored. The sulfur-doped lignin-carbon quantum dots ink MS-CQDs, their writing labels, and PVA composite films were colorless under visible light and showed bright blue fluorescence under 365 nm ultraviolet light. In conclusion, MS-CQDs writing weighing paper fluorescent labels and their composite films with PVA have good fluorescence performance and have good application potential in fluorescence anti-counterfeiting.