Nanocellulose-based materials have attracted more and more attention in flexible electronic products in recent years due to their good flexibility, thermodynamic properties and high transparency. The review of the research progress in this field will help researchers to carry out research more efficiently. Three types of nanocellulose preparation methods and the research progress of applying nanocellulose-based materials in flexible electronic products were reviewed. The research examples of nanocellulose-based materials applied to flexible substrates of devices and insulating materials were described, and the advantages of nanocellulose in various directions of application as well as the existing problems were discussed, and finally, the future prospects of the material application were proposed. Nanocellulose is a product of the combination of natural cellulose and nanotechnology, which can be mainly divided into cellulose nanofibrils, cellulose nanocrystal and bacterial nanocellulose. In recent years, many achievements have been made in the research of nanocellulose-based materials as flexible substrates and insulating materials for electronic devices. Although the development of nanocellulose-based electronic devices is still mainly in the laboratory stage, compared with traditional petrochemical products, nanocellulose has the advantages of abundant raw materials and environmental degradation. The development and utilization of new nanocellulose-based materials can help to solve the increasingly serious problem of electronic waste in human society.