The work aims to explore the inhibitory effect of Taraxacum mongolicum extracts (TME) on the quorum sensing (QS) system of Aeromonas hydrophila and the specific spoilage organism of Litopenaeus vannamei, and explore the preservation effect of TME on the refrigerated L. vannamei. The quorum-sensing inhibitory activity of TME was investigated by using Chromobacterium violaceum(CV026). The preservation effect of TME on L. vannamei and its inhibitory effect on the quorum sensing system of A. hydrophila were measured at the subminimal inhibitory concentration. The total number of colonies, volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), pH value, drip loss rate and sensory score of L. vannamei during storage were determined. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of TME against A. hydrophila was 32 mg/mL. At 1/4 MIC, TME significantly inhibited the production of quorum sensing signal molecules, and inhibited the mobility and protease activity of A. hydrophila (P< 0.05). TME significantly inhibited the decrease of sensory score and the increase of the total number of colonies, TVB-N, pH value and drip loss of L. vannamei (P < 0.05). TME can reduce the spoilage ability of spoilage bacteria and effectively prolong the shelf life of L. vannamei by regulating QS system of the bacteria.