In recent years, the consumption of packaged fruits and vegetables, especially packaged fresh-cut fruits and vegetables, has risen rapidly. Compared with traditional petroleum-based packaging materials, bio-based packaging materials have the characteristics of environmental friendliness and sustainability, making them promising in the future. The work aims to summarize the research progress of bio-based packaging materials in China and abroad and their application in fruit and vegetable preservation, so as to provide theoretical reference for research and application in relevant fields. Firstly, the preservation mechanism of fruit and vegetable, and their packaging requirements were analyzed. Then, the characteristics and preparation methods of different kinds of bio-based materials were classified and discussed, and finally the application of such bio-based materials in fruit and vegetable packaging was studied. The progress of bio-based packaging materials in the field of fruit and vegetable packaging is summarized, and its future development trend is prospected.