The work aims to solve the limitations of polylactic acid foam materials in melt strength and crystallinity, develop polylactic acid foam materials with good performance and wide application prospects, improve its comprehensive performance to expand the application range of polylactic acid foam materials, and also meet the requirements of environmental friendliness and sustainable development. Based on the latest preparation methods and performance optimization progress of polylactic acid foaming materials at home and abroad, the cell regulation and the material composition were analyzed. The foaming process and influencing factors were summarized, and the research direction and problems of optimizing the comprehensive properties of polylactic acid blended with other materials were pointed out. Polylactic acid foam material is one of the most promising bio-based foam materials in the current market. With the continuous progress of performance, its application in packaging, automotive, construction and other fields can be further expanded.