The work aims to strengthen the research on the buffer protection structure of light components to avoid or reduce the damage of high g impact to the light components in the projectile. Static and dynamic mechanical properties of two kinds of foam filled tubes based on novel syntactic foam and open-cell aluminum foam were researched with a universal test machine and a drop-weight impact system. In addition, the acceleration buffering effect and energy absorption mechanism of the equal mass foam filled tubes and sandwich tubes under high g impact were studied by numerical simulation. The structural deformation and acceleration of the drop hammer obtained from numerical simulation were consistent with the experimental results, which verified the reliability of the numerical simulation method. The plateau stress of syntactic foam was obviously sensitive to strain rate. The crushing force of the syntactic foam filled tube was more stable and higher than that of the aluminum foam filled tube, thus produced better high acceleration protection performance. The impact resistance of the foam sandwich tube was better than the foam-filled tube of equal mass. Both aluminum foam and syntactic foam sandwiched tubes showed similar high acceleration protection performance. The effect of the compression behavior of foam on the crushing force of the sandwich tube was lower than that of the foam-filled tube. The result has a strong guiding significance for high g buffer protection of light components.