The work aims to design a spliced flexible protective structure composed of boron carbide ceramics and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE, PE) based on the principles of bionics with the flexible splicing mode of pholidota creators as a reference, so as to improve the flexibility and resistance to multiple rounds of protective equipment. Firstly, composite scales were prepared through high-temperature hot pressing molding process, and then shooting tests were conducted with a 95-type 5.8 mm steel core bullet. Finally, finite element simulation was used to analyze the mechanism of bullet damage and energy dissipation during the shooting process. The shooting of the bullet resulted in severe fragmentation of the ceramic layer of the scales, as well as circular deformation of the PE back plate, but it was not penetrated. The damage range of a single shot was limited to the vicinity of the shot scale and other adjacent scales, but no large-scale damage was formed, demonstrating excellent resistance to multiple rounds. The energy of the bullets diffuses through the shot scales to other adjacent scales, reducing the damage effect of the bullet on the shot scales and improving the ultimate single shot resistance performance of the flexible structure. The biomimetic scale spliced flexible structure can successfully resist the shooting of Type 95 5.8 mm steel core bullets, while possessing flexibility and excellent resistance to multiple rounds. It can be applied to the small caliber ammunition protective armor of the new generation of individual soldiers and weapons equipment.