The work aims to carry out random vibration behavior analysis and laboratory simulation of cushion damage of express transport vehicles in Wuxi, so as to guide the random vibration acceleration test of packaging system and realize the scientific design of packaging structure. Firstly, excitation vibration signals and packaging system response signals from different positions of medium van trucks in Wuxi were collected. The proportional acceleration spectrum and sub-band acceleration spectrum obtained in the laboratory were treated with the measured road spectrum. With multi-layer corrugated gaskets as the research object, standard road spectrum, proportional acceleration spectrum and sub-band acceleration spectrum were used to carry out the laboratory accelerated simulation test. By comparing with the damage of multi-layer corrugated gaskets in the field transportation, the damage equivalence of different acceleration simulation test method was verified. The results showed that there were differences in shape and magnitude between the measured road spectrum and the standard spectrum; the error of damage caused by proportional acceleration and sub-band acceleration simulation experiments was 20.2% and 10.1%, respectively, which was much smaller than that of the standard spectrum acceleration simulation test (110.1%). Compared with the proportional acceleration method, the sub-band acceleration test shortened the experimental time by 19 min (29.7%). The damage equivalence and rapidity of the sub-band accelerated simulation test based on the measured road spectrum are verified. This method is of guiding significance for the accurate design of protective packaging.