The work aims to preparefull-component wood-based activated carbon spheres (FWACs), apply them to ethylene adsorption and select an activated carbon sphere preparation process with the best ethylene adsorption effect. With liquefied wood as raw materials, the effect of different curing time on the full-component wood-based activated carbon spheres was explored. Its microstructure was observed with a field emission scanning electron microscope, and the pore size distribution and specific surface area of the sample were calculated according to the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm. The effects of time and adsorbent dosage on the ethylene adsorption performance of four kinds of activated carbon spheres were analyzed with a gas chromatograph in combination with ethylene adsorption standard curves. The results indicated that the carbon sphere surface became smooth, the internal structure became dense and the degree of graphitization increased with the increase of curing time; while the specific surface area and pore volume decreased. When the curing time was 0.5 h, the specific surface area was up to 2 073 m2/g, and the adsorption effect of ethylene was 197.99 mg/g. It took 3 hours to reach adsorption equilibrium. All-component wood-based activated carbon spheres can effectively adsorb ethylene gas, but its curing time is too long, and the internal pores of activated carbon spheres are reduced, which is not conducive to the adsorption of ethylene gas. The larger the pore volume of activated carbon spheres, the better the ethylene adsorption effect.