The work aims to analyze the research status of phase change cold storage materials and their application progress in the field of cold chain transportation of fresh products, so as to provide reference for the application and development of phase change cold storage technology in the cold chain of fresh products. The basic principle of phase change cold storage technology and the regulation methods of various phase change cold storage materials were expounded, and the research direction of phase change cold storage technology in cold chain transportation of fresh products in recent years was summarized. Phase change cold storage box is still the focus of future research and phase change cold storage technology in the field of short and medium distance cold chain transportation has made great progress. In order to meet the needs of green, energy-saving and standardized cold chain process in China, phase change cold storage technology needs to develop in a deeper and broader direction.