Considering the serious damage of 'Huangguan' pears during storage and transportation, the work aims to provide a theoretical basis for damage reduction of 'Huangguan' pears, and explores the effect of drop impact and fruit characteristics on fruit damage. The effects of drop height, contact material, fruit hardness, curvature radius and ambient temperature on the impact damage of 'Huangguan' pears in Zhaoxian County, Hebei Province were studied. A damage prediction model (P≤0.05) of 'Huangguan' pears was established by multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that there was a linear correlation between the drop height and the damage area. The drop height of the critical damage caused by the impact of 'Huangguan' pears with steel and rubber was 30 mm and 50 mm, while the drop height of the critical damage caused by the impact of EPE and corrugated paperboard selected in this experiment was 220 mm and 340 mm. When the drop height of impact with the EPE was less than 400 mm, the smaller the curvature radius of the fruit, the larger the damage area; when the drop height was greater than 400 mm, the larger curvature radius leads to a larger damage area. The smaller the fruit hardness, the larger the damage area during impact; the higher the ambient temperature, the more serious the damage. The type of contact material and the characteristics of fruit have great effects on the impact damage of fruit. A damage prediction model is established based on the test results. The prediction model can provide some theoretical guidance for automatic picking, storage transportation and packaging of 'Huangguan' pears.