The work aims to improve the reliable traceability level of the military food supply chain. With the help of many characteristics of the blockchain technology such as transaction transparency, tamper-proof traceability, privacy protection and security, a reliability traceability scheme architecture of the military food supply chain was constructed in reference to advanced experience in the world. The tamper-proof ability of the traceability information, the traceability of the whole process of the supply chain, the joint maintenance of all subjects and the decentralized preservation of data were realized, and relevant supporting measures were put forward. The reliable traceability scheme architecture of military food supply chain constructed with the blockchain technology can significantly improve the reliable traceability level of military food supply chain.