The work aims to solve the problem of high consumption rate of aquatic products in cold chain logistics, and maximize the quality safety of aquatic products in the whole process of cold chain logistics. HACCP quality control system was adopted to explain each link of aquatic product cold chain logistics in detail and draw its flow chart. Combined with the flow chart, the potential hazards of each link were analyzed and the critical control points were determined quantitatively through FMEA and the HACCP plan was formulated. PDCA and SDCA double cycle optimization methods were used to analyze the problems in the process and propose optimization measures, and draw the flow chart of the optimized cold chain logistics of aquatic products. The five links of aquaculture and fishing, cold processing, cold storage, cold transportation and cold sales were determined as the critical control points. Preventive measures against potential hazards are proposed for critical control points and process optimization is carried out. In particular, it is necessary to focus on the aquaculture, fishing and cold sales of aquatic products. By improving the temperature control level of the whole process and strengthening the control of pathogenic bacteria pollution, the quality risk of the aquatic products in cold chain logistics can be controlled effectively.