The work aims to explore the effect of nanocellulose on the starch films to solve the shortcomings of pure starch, such as low mechanical properties and high brittleness and provide a new idea for the field of food packaging materials and the direction of replacing traditional petroleum-based polymer materials. By following up the relevant research and application progress of nanocellulose-enhanced starch in China and abroad, the properties of three types of nanocellulose were summarized, the future challenges and opportunities of starch food packaging materials were introduced, and the effects of nanocellulose on starch film properties were analyzed. The mechanical properties, barrier properties and thermal properties of starch composites are improved after reinforcement by cellulose nanofibers (CNF), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and the nanocellulose-enhanced starch food packaging materials will be expanded in the future food packaging field.