The work aims to prepare wood-based fiber thermal insulation packaging material and improve its thermal insulation property. Wood nanofiber porous material was made from natural lightweight wood by chemical delignification and then subject to surface close hole processing to obtainwood-based fiber thermal insulation packaging material. Based on transient plane source method, the thermal conductivity of wood-based fiber thermal insulation material was 0.019 W/m.K when fibers were placed in parallel along the same direction, and was 0.023 W/m.K when fibers were placed crosswise along the opposite direction, indicating that the developed material had good thermal insulation property. In addition, according to the buffer coefficient visa maximum stress curve of this thermal insulation material, under the maximum static stress (σm) of 0.63 MPa, the wood-based fiber thermal insulation material had the minimum buffer coefficient (C=3.5) when stacked in parallel along the same direction of fibers, and had the minimum buffer coefficient (C=4.2) when stacked crosswise along the opposite direction of fibers, indicating that its cushioning property was similar to that of EPS and EPE. The lightweight wood-based fiber thermal insulation material prepared has good thermal insulation and cushioning property, which can be used as a substitute of plastic thermal insulation packaging material for cold chain logistics.