The work aims to review the development and principle of electrospinning, controlled-release materials and systems, as well as the application of electrospinning controlled-release materials (ECM) in drug sustained-release and antibacterial aspects to provide theoretical reference and research ideas for ECM related research. Based on the analysis and summary of the research results at home and abroad, the application of ECM to control release by environmental pH regulation, carboxyl modified nanofibers, light response, nanofiber film thickness, fiber surface pore size and other factors was introduced. The analysis showed that ECM could be used in slow release and antibacterial aspects of drugs, and could realize the response and release of drugs under specific conditions, so that drugs had a suitable release cycle. In addition, it could also control the release of all kinds of antibacterial agents to achieve long-term sterilization and prolong the shelf life. Research on ECM (for sustained release of drugs) can realize controlled release of drugs, ensure the durability of drug efficacy and improve the therapeutic effect. Research on ECM (for sustained-release antibacterial) can obtain longer antibacterial effect and improve the health and safety of food and drugs. ECM has great development prospects in drug sustained-release and antibacterial fields.