The work aims to investigate the effects of changes in corrugated structure on its edge crush strength by changing the thickness of corrugated board to address the problem that the strength design of the corrugated board is not systematically studied. A WH81287 five-layer corrugated case was taken as the research material. Edge Crush Test (ECT) was conducted on the corrugated board. The test data were used to verify the reliability of the model in the finite element software, and the data were analyzed in Matlab to adjust the thickness of the corrugated core paper for the strength design of corrugated board. In the ECT, it can be seen from the test data that the average deformation of the corrugated board was 0.824 0 mm and its maximum average edge crush strength was 1 041.2 N. In the simulation analysis, the thickness of tile-B tended to be 0.210 0 mm. The maximum deformation of the corrugated board tended to be 1.195 0 mm, the maximum equivalent strain tended to be 0.115 0, and the maximum equivalent stress tended to be 23.500 0 MPa. When the thickness of tile-B increased or decreased too much, the maximum equivalent strain and the maximum equivalent stress increased or decreased sharply. According to the function curves between different corrugated board thicknesses and various parameters, the optimal parameters of the corrugated board are found. The maximum deformation is the minimum, and the maximum equivalent stress and strain are small and tend to be stable. This provides guidance for the strength design of corrugated paper in practical applications, and improves the design efficiency of corrugated paper structure of corrugated paper.