The work aims to explore the application status of blockchain technology in product traceability and packaging anti-counterfeiting, in order to provide reference for the research and establishment of blockchain anti-counterfeiting traceability system. Domestic and foreign documents were collated to systematically analyze the source and development of blockchain technology, and outline the mechanism of blockchain technology in realizing anti-counterfeiting traceability. Then, the relevant application research of blockchain technology in food packaging, electronic certificate storage and prescription drug traceability was summarized. Compared with traditional means of anti-counterfeiting and traceability, blockchain technology solved the problems of unreliable anti-counterfeiting labels and incomplete traceability information. It enabled traceability in the food supply chain and not only relied on the distributed storage mechanism to save electronic evidence, but also combined prescription drug traceability with electronic medical records to achieve the traceability throughout the whole life cycle. Blockchain technology can solve the problem of consumers' trust in food safety and achieve reliable and efficient electronic certificate storage, laying a solid foundation for future pharmaceutical integration.