The work aims to explore a new model based on the storage and transportation unit to solve the contradiction between the large demand and the limited inventory condition of assembling air materials and improve the ability of emergency preparation and quick support in war time. The modular air material carrying and distribution scheme was designed scientifically. In order to meet the minimum demand of assembling air materials, the optimization model of the module configuration under absolute constraints and loose constraints was constructed, and the model was solved automatically by MATLAB software. At the same time, the module configuration deviation constraint was introduced, and the sensitivity analysis was used to adjust the parts of the assembling scheme which are not suitable for the inventory condition. The example showed that the modular air material carrier assembly scheme could reduce the size of assembly and the demand of equipment by 58.9%, and greatly improve the feasibility. The module configuration optimization model constructed in this paper could not only be used strictly in accordance with the standard of air material carrier, but also be flexible according to the actual situation, and had strong practicability and adaptability. The optimization model can support the implementation of the assembling scheme, and it is of great practical significance to promote the research of the model and improve the maneuverability of air material carriers.