The work aims to propose a fuzzy adaptive backstepping control strategy based on a new expansion factor to solve the problem that the work efficiency and product quality of the drive control system of packaging machine are greatly reduced under the effects of nonlinear factors. Firstly, based on the traditional adaptive backstepping control algorithm, the integral value of speed error was added to compensate the current, and then the integral reset link was introduced to prevent the over-harmonic oscillation caused by integral saturation. In addition, a new variable universe expansion factor was designed to optimize the fuzzy reasoning module to adjust the speed feedback gain and adaptive gain online. MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation results showed that the improved controller greatly reduced the effects of parameter perturbation on the system by compensating the current value of the quadrature axis, and adaptively adjusted the gain according to the speed error and its change rate, which further improved the speed dynamic response performance of the control system. Compared with the conventional PID control system and the unoptimized backstepping control system, the optimized controller can improve the system stability and reduce the speed response time, and has better robustness and dynamic and static performance.