The work aims to explore the one-off forming process of composite folded core and study the effect of dipped glue concentration on the compression performance of folded sandwich structure. V-shaped folded sandwich structure was taken as the research object. Firstly, the vacuum draw forming was used to build a V-shaped composite folded core. Then, the folded core was compounded with the carbon fiber composite laminate by a bonding process to obtain the composite folded sandwich structure. Finally, the mechanical properties and failure modes of the structure under the action of compression load were investigated by experimental tests and the effects of different dipped glue concentration on the compression performance were analyzed. The folded core was prepared by the vacuum draw forming at one time, but the forming precision was required to be improved. From the compression test, the failure of the folded sandwich structure began with the core wall, gradually expanded to the prism lines, and finally reached the whole core. The failure load of the folded sandwich structure under the glue concentrations of 11%, 17% and 22% was 362.853 N, 420.521 N, and 471.389 N, respectively. The vacuum draw forming can prepare the folded core at one time with high efficiency, but it still needs to be improved due to low precision of forming size. In a certain range, the ultimate compression load of the composite folded sandwich structure is approximately proportional to the dipped glue concentration.