The work aims to take a new power lithium battery produced by a technology company in Shenzhen as the research object and design a buffer transport package for such battery. According to the relevant test standards, the simulation software ANSYS Workbench was used to simulate the surface drop of the lithium battery and its package. Then, combined with the drop test results, the reliability of simulation model was verified. When bare battery dropped, the maximum equivalent stress of the shell was 720.41 MPa, exceeding the allowable stress of hard aluminum alloy of 325 MPa, and the shell cracked. Besides, the maximum equivalent stress of the battery core was 363.4 MPa, exceeding the allowable stress of aluminum of 280 MPa and causing damage to the battery core. The drop simulation results of the lithium battery transport package proved that the maximum equivalent stress values of the shells, cells, heat sinks, PCB boards and other components were reduced by 73.66%, 39.82%, 38.65%, and 81.70%, respectively, compared with those values generated when bare battery dropped. The maximum equivalent stress did not exceed the yield strength of the corresponding material. Comprehensive deformation cloud diagram and experimental results show that the lithium battery transport packaging structure adopting EPP foam and BC corrugated boxes has a good protective effect and can meet the requirements of impact strength.